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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="critical-section"><title>critical_section - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-492a78a4a87dcc01.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="critical_section" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)" data-channel="1.82.0" data-search-js="search-a99f1315e7cc5121.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-118b08c4c78b968e.js"></script><script defer src="../crates.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-921df33f47b8780c.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-3b12f09e550e0385.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod crate"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../critical_section/index.html">critical_<wbr>section</a><span class="version">1.2.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><ul class="block"><li><a id="all-types" href="all.html">All Items</a></li></ul><section><ul class="block"><li><a href="#macros">Macros</a></li><li><a href="#structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#traits">Traits</a></li><li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li><li><a href="#types">Type Aliases</a></li></ul></section></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Crate <a class="mod" href="#">critical_section</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../src/critical_section/lib.rs.html#1-308">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>−</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><h2 id="critical-section"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#critical-section">§</a>critical-section</h2>
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<p><a href="https://crates.io/crates/critical-section"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/d/critical-section.svg" alt="crates.io" /></a>
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<a href="https://crates.io/crates/critical-section"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/critical-section.svg" alt="crates.io" /></a>
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<a href="https://docs.rs/critical-section"><img src="https://docs.rs/critical-section/badge.svg" alt="Documentation" /></a></p>
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<p>This project is developed and maintained by the <a href="https://github.com/rust-embedded/wg#the-hal-team">HAL team</a>.</p>
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<p>A critical section that works everywhere!</p>
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<p>When writing software for embedded systems, it’s common to use a “critical section”
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as a basic primitive to control concurrency. A critical section is essentially a
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mutex global to the whole process, that can be acquired by only one thread at a time.
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This can be used to protect data behind mutexes, to <a href="https://crates.io/crates/portable-atomic">emulate atomics</a> in
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targets that don’t support them, etc.</p>
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<p>There’s a wide range of possible implementations depending on the execution environment:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>For bare-metal single core, disabling interrupts in the current (only) core.</li>
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<li>For bare-metal multicore, disabling interrupts in the current core and acquiring a hardware spinlock to prevent other cores from entering a critical section concurrently.</li>
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<li>For bare-metal using a RTOS, using library functions for acquiring a critical section, often named “scheduler lock” or “kernel lock”.</li>
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<li>For bare-metal running in non-privileged mode, calling some system call is usually needed.</li>
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<li>For <code>std</code> targets, acquiring a global <code>std::sync::Mutex</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Libraries often need to use critical sections, but there’s no universal API for this in <code>core</code>. This leads
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library authors to hard-code them for their target, or at best add some <code>cfg</code>s to support a few targets.
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This doesn’t scale since there are many targets out there, and in the general case it’s impossible to know
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which critical section implementation is needed from the Rust target alone. For example, the <code>thumbv7em-none-eabi</code> target
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could be cases 1-4 from the above list.</p>
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<p>This crate solves the problem by providing this missing universal API.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>It provides functions <code>acquire</code>, <code>release</code> and <code>with</code> that libraries can directly use.</li>
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<li>It provides a way for any crate to supply an implementation. This allows “target support” crates such as architecture crates (<code>cortex-m</code>, <code>riscv</code>), RTOS bindings, or HALs for multicore chips to supply the correct implementation so that all the crates in the dependency tree automatically use it.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="usage-in-no-std-binaries"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#usage-in-no-std-binaries">§</a>Usage in <code>no-std</code> binaries.</h3>
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<p>First, add a dependency on a crate providing a critical section implementation. Enable the <code>critical-section-*</code> Cargo feature if required by the crate.</p>
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<p>Implementations are typically provided by either architecture-support crates, HAL crates, and OS/RTOS bindings, including:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/cortex-m"><code>cortex-m</code></a> crate provides an implementation for all single-core Cortex-M microcontrollers via its <code>critical-section-single-core</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/riscv"><code>riscv</code></a> crate provides an implementation for all single-hart RISC-V microcontrollers via its <code>critical-section-single-hart</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/msp430"><code>msp430</code></a> crate provides an implementation for all MSP430 microcontrollers via its <code>critical-section-single-core</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/rp2040-hal"><code>rp2040-hal</code></a> crate provides a multi-core-safe critical section for the RP2040 microcontroller via its <code>critical-section-impl</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/avr-device"><code>avr-device</code></a> crate provides an implementation for all AVR microcontrollers via its <code>critical-section-impl</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://crates.io/crates/esp-hal-common"><code>esp-hal-common</code></a> crate provides an implementation for ESP32 microcontrollers which is used by the ESP HALs</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://docs.embassy.dev/embassy-rp"><code>embassy-rp</code></a> crate provides a multi-core-safe critical section for the RP2040 microcontroller via its <code>critical-section-impl</code> feature</li>
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<li>The <a href="https://docs.embassy.dev/nrf-softdevice"><code>nrf-softdevice</code></a> crate provides a critical section that’s compatible with the nRF soft-device firmware via its <code>critical-section-impl</code> feature</li>
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</ul>
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<p>For example, for single-core Cortex-M targets, you can use:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-toml"><code>[dependencies]
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cortex-m = { version = "0.7.6", features = ["critical-section-single-core"]}
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>Then you can use <code>critical_section::with()</code>.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>core::cell::Cell;
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<span class="kw">use </span>critical_section::Mutex;
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<span class="kw">static </span>MY_VALUE: Mutex<Cell<u32>> = Mutex::new(Cell::new(<span class="number">0</span>));
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critical_section::with(|cs| {
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<span class="comment">// This code runs within a critical section.
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// `cs` is a token that you can use to "prove" that to some API,
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// for example to a `Mutex`:
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</span>MY_VALUE.borrow(cs).set(<span class="number">42</span>);
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});
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</code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="usage-in-std-binaries"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#usage-in-std-binaries">§</a>Usage in <code>std</code> binaries.</h3>
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<p>Add the <code>critical-section</code> dependency to <code>Cargo.toml</code> enabling the <code>std</code> feature. This makes the <code>critical-section</code> crate itself
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provide an implementation based on <code>std::sync::Mutex</code>, so you don’t have to add any other dependency.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-toml"><code>[dependencies]
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critical-section = { version = "1.1", features = ["std"]}
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</code></pre></div><h3 id="usage-in-libraries"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#usage-in-libraries">§</a>Usage in libraries</h3>
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<p>If you’re writing a library intended to be portable across many targets, simply add a dependency on <code>critical-section</code>
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and use <code>critical_section::free</code> and/or <code>Mutex</code> as usual.</p>
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<p><strong>Do not</strong> add any dependency supplying a critical section implementation. Do not enable any <code>critical-section-*</code> Cargo feature.
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This has to be done by the end user, enabling the correct implementation for their target.</p>
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<p><strong>Do not</strong> enable any Cargo feature in <code>critical-section</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="usage-in-std-tests-for-no-std-libraries"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#usage-in-std-tests-for-no-std-libraries">§</a>Usage in <code>std</code> tests for <code>no-std</code> libraries.</h3>
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<p>If you want to run <code>std</code>-using tests in otherwise <code>no-std</code> libraries, enable the <code>std</code> feature in <code>dev-dependencies</code> only.
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This way the main target will use the <code>no-std</code> implementation chosen by the end-user’s binary, and only the test targets
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will use the <code>std</code> implementation.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-toml"><code>[dependencies]
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critical-section = "1.1"
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[dev-dependencies]
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critical-section = { version = "1.1", features = ["std"]}
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</code></pre></div><h3 id="providing-an-implementation"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#providing-an-implementation">§</a>Providing an implementation</h3>
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<p>Crates adding support for a particular architecture, chip or operating system should provide a critical section implementation.
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It is <strong>strongly recommended</strong> to gate the implementation behind a feature, so the user can still use another implementation
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if needed (having two implementations in the same binary will cause linking to fail).</p>
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<p>Add the dependency, and a <code>critical-section-*</code> feature to your <code>Cargo.toml</code>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-toml"><code>[features]
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# Enable critical section implementation that does "foo"
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critical-section-foo = ["critical-section/restore-state-bool"]
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[dependencies]
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critical-section = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>Then, provide the critical implementation like this:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="comment">// This is a type alias for the enabled `restore-state-*` feature.
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// For example, it is `bool` if you enable `restore-state-bool`.
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</span><span class="kw">use </span>critical_section::RawRestoreState;
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<span class="kw">struct </span>MyCriticalSection;
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<span class="macro">critical_section::set_impl!</span>(MyCriticalSection);
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<span class="kw">unsafe impl </span>critical_section::Impl <span class="kw">for </span>MyCriticalSection {
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<span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>acquire() -> RawRestoreState {
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<span class="comment">// TODO
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</span>}
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<span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>release(token: RawRestoreState) {
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<span class="comment">// TODO
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</span>}
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}</code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="troubleshooting"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#troubleshooting">§</a>Troubleshooting</h3><h4 id="undefined-reference-errors"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#undefined-reference-errors">§</a>Undefined reference errors</h4>
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<p>If you get an error like these:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-not_rust"><code>undefined reference to `_critical_section_1_0_acquire'
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undefined reference to `_critical_section_1_0_release'
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>it is because you (or a library) are using <code>critical_section::with</code> without providing a critical section implementation.
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Make sure you’re depending on a crate providing the implementation, and have enabled the <code>critical-section-*</code> feature in it if required. See the <code>Usage</code> section above.</p>
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<p>The error can also be caused by having the dependency but never <code>use</code>ing it. This can be fixed by adding a dummy <code>use</code>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap ignore"><a href="#" class="tooltip" title="This example is not tested">ⓘ</a><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>the_cs_impl_crate <span class="kw">as _</span>;</code></pre></div>
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<h4 id="duplicate-symbol-errors"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#duplicate-symbol-errors">§</a>Duplicate symbol errors</h4>
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<p>If you get errors like these:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-not_rust"><code>error: symbol `_critical_section_1_0_acquire` is already defined
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>it is because you have two crates trying to provide a critical section implementation. You can only
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have one implementation in a program.</p>
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<p>You can use <code>cargo tree --format '{p} {f}'</code> to view all dependencies and their enabled features. Make sure
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that in the whole dependency tree, exactly one implementation is provided.</p>
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<p>Check for multiple versions of the same crate as well. For example, check the <code>critical-section-single-core</code>
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feature is not enabled for both <code>cortex-m</code> 0.7 and 0.8.</p>
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<h3 id="why-not-generics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#why-not-generics">§</a>Why not generics?</h3>
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<p>An alternative solution would be to use a <code>CriticalSection</code> trait, and make all
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code that needs acquiring the critical section generic over it. This has a few problems:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>It would require passing it as a generic param to a very big amount of code, which
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would be quite unergonomic.</li>
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<li>It’s common to put <code>Mutex</code>es in <code>static</code> variables, and <code>static</code>s can’t
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be generic.</li>
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<li>It would allow mixing different critical section implementations in the same program,
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which would be unsound.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv">§</a>Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)</h3>
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<p>This crate is guaranteed to compile on the following Rust versions:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>If the <code>std</code> feature is not enabled: stable Rust 1.54 and up.</li>
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<li>If the <code>std</code> feature is enabled: stable Rust 1.63 and up.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>It might compile with older versions but that may change in any new patch release.</p>
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<p>See <a href="docs/msrv.md">here</a> for details on how the MSRV may be upgraded.</p>
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<h3 id="license"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#license">§</a>License</h3>
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<p>This work is licensed under either of</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Apache License, Version 2.0 (<a href="LICENSE-APACHE">LICENSE-APACHE</a> or
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</a>)</li>
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<li>MIT license (<a href="LICENSE-MIT">LICENSE-MIT</a> or <a href="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</a>)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>at your option.</p>
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<h3 id="contribution"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#contribution">§</a>Contribution</h3>
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<p>Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
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for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be
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dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.</p>
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<h3 id="code-of-conduct"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#code-of-conduct">§</a>Code of Conduct</h3>
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<p>Contribution to this crate is organized under the terms of the <a href="CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md">Rust Code of
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Conduct</a>, the maintainer of this crate, the <a href="https://github.com/rust-embedded/wg#the-hal-team">HAL team</a>, promises
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to intervene to uphold that code of conduct.</p>
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</div></details><h2 id="macros" class="section-header">Macros<a href="#macros" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="macro" href="macro.set_impl.html" title="macro critical_section::set_impl">set_<wbr>impl</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Set the critical section implementation.</div></li></ul><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.CriticalSection.html" title="struct critical_section::CriticalSection">Critical<wbr>Section</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Critical section token.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Mutex.html" title="struct critical_section::Mutex">Mutex</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">A mutex based on critical sections.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.RestoreState.html" title="struct critical_section::RestoreState">Restore<wbr>State</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Opaque “restore state”.</div></li></ul><h2 id="traits" class="section-header">Traits<a href="#traits" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.Impl.html" title="trait critical_section::Impl">Impl</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Methods required for a critical section implementation.</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.acquire.html" title="fn critical_section::acquire">acquire</a><sup title="unsafe function">⚠</sup></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Acquire a critical section in the current thread.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.release.html" title="fn critical_section::release">release</a><sup title="unsafe function">⚠</sup></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Release the critical section.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.with.html" title="fn critical_section::with">with</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Execute closure <code>f</code> in a critical section.</div></li></ul><h2 id="types" class="section-header">Type Aliases<a href="#types" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="type" href="type.RawRestoreState.html" title="type critical_section::RawRestoreState">RawRestore<wbr>State</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Raw, transparent “restore state”.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html> |